The Seven Deadly Sins of Prologues

neon sigh, sinner, 7 Deadly Sins of Prologues, Kristen lamb

To prologue or not to prologue? That is the question. Does our story actually need one, or are we cool to just dive in? Great question. Prologues can be tricky. The problem with the prologue is it has kind of gotten a bad rap over the years with agents and editors. They generally hate them.

Why?

In my opinion, it is because far too many writers don’t use prologues properly and that, in itself, has created its own problem. Because of the steady misuse of prologues, many readers skip them.

Thus, the question of whether or not the prologue is even considered the beginning of your novel can become a gray area if readers just thumb pages until they see Chapter One.

***Critical point here. SOME GENRES use prologues as a staple and readers won’t skip them. This said, we still need to make sure we understand the purpose of a prologue so we’re using this literary device the way it was intended. And if we aren’t, well…

We gotta know the rules to break the rules and all that jazz 😉 .

So without further ado…

Prologue Sin #1

If our prologue is really just a vehicle for massive information dump…

meme of leopard, prologue, prologues that are tedious

When I teach or consult, I often recommend writers free-write a background. Just get it all down. This helps get all of that precious backstory out of our system.

This is a useful tactic. First, it can help us see if our characters are psychologically dimensional. Are they too perfect? Do they have story-worthy problems, issues, inner demons, unfinished business? Free-writing can also provide us with a feel for the characters’ subconscious motivations, which will help later in plotting (e.g. love, revenge, acceptance).

I have a little formula for plot.

Background gives us:

Motivations –> Goals–> a Vague/Dumb Plan–> a Better Plan–> the Solution/Final Confrontation–> Resolution/ Arc

A bit of free-writing can help us get an honest look at our ideas. Often, an idea that piques our interest is merely clever, but might not be robust enough for a novel. So make it a short story or rework it and add some meat.

We can also see what details are salient to the plot versus which ones we can keep to ourselves. This helps us better fold the key details into the plotting process so that this vital information can be blended expertly into the story real-time.

Many new writers bungle the prologue because they lack a system that allows them to discern essential details or keep track of important background details. This makes for clumsy writing, namely a giant “fish head” labeled prologue.

What do we do with fish heads? We cut them off and throw them away. If free-writing isn’t for you? No problem. The internet has all kinds of options. The point is simply to WRITE and be able to organize story-worthy information.

Prologue Sin #2

If our prologue really has nothing to do with the main story.

meme, funny, manatee, prologue, prologue that doesn't match story — Like this MEME!

This point ties into the earlier sin. Do this. Cut off the prologue. Now ask, “Has this integrally affected the story?” If it hasn’t, it’s likely a fish head masquerading as a prologue.

Prologue Sin #3

If our prologue’s sole purpose is to “hook” the reader.

If readers have a bad tendency to skip past prologues, and the only point of our prologue is to hook the reader, then we have just effectively shot ourselves in the foot.

We need a great hook for the prologue, but then we also need another hook in Chapter One. If we can merely move the prologue to Chapter One, and it not upset the flow of the story, then that is a lot of pressure off our shoulders. There’s no need to be “doubly-interesting” if it’s unnecessary.

Prologue Sin #4

If our prologue is overly long…

Prologues need to be short and sweet and to the point. Get too long and that is a warning flag that we might not be starting our story in the correct place. Trust the reader. They’re smart and the LOVE secrets, so be a secret-keeper!

Prologue Sin #5

If our prologue is written in a totally different style and voice that is never tied back into the main story…

Pretty self-explanatory…and acted out by sea urchins. AWWWWWW!

Prologue Sin #6

If our prologue is über-condensed world-building…

World-building is generally one of those things, like backstory, that can and should be folded into the narrative. Sometimes it might be necessary to do a little world-building, but think “floating words in Star Wars.”

The yellow floating words that drift off into space help the reader get grounded in the larger picture before the story begins. But note the floating words are not super-detailed Tolkien world-building. They are simple and, above all, brief.

Prologue Sin #7

If your prologue is there solely to “set the mood…”

We have to set the mood in Chapter One anyway. So, like the hook, why do it twice if we don’t have to?

Prologue Virtues

Now that we have discussed the Seven Deadly Sins of Prologues, you might be asking yourself, “So when is it okay to use a prologue?”

Glad you asked.

Prologue Virtue #1

Prologues can be used to resolve a time gap with information critical to the story.

Genre will have a lot to do with whether one uses a prologue or not. Thrillers generally employ prologues because what our hero is up against may be an old enemy.

In James Rollins’s The Doomsday Key the prologue introduces the “adversary” Sigma will face in the book. Two monks come upon a village where every person has literally starved to death when there is more than an abundance of food.

Many centuries pass and the very thing that laid waste to that small village is now once more a threat. But this (the prologue) gives the reader a feel for the fact that this is an old adversary. The prologue also paints a gripping picture of what this “adversary” can do if unleashed once more.

The prologue allows the reader to pass centuries of time without getting a brain cramp. Prologue is set in medieval times. Chapter One is in modern times. Prologue is also pivotal for understanding all that is to follow.

Prologue Virtue # 2

Prologues can be used if there is a critical element in the backstory relevant to the plot.

The first Harry Potter book is a good example of a book that could have used a prologue, but didn’t (likely because Rowling knew it would likely get skipped). Therese Walsh in her fabulous blog Once Before A Time Part 2 said this:

J.K. Rowling’s Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone is told in a close 3rd person POV (Harry’s), but her first chapter is quite different, told when Harry is a baby and switching between omniscient and 3rd person POVs (Mr. Dursley’s and Dumbledore’s).

Rowling may have considered setting this information aside as a prologue because of those different voices and the ten-year lag between it and the next scene, but she didn’t do it. The info contained in those first pages is critical, it helps to set the story up and makes it more easily digested for readers.

And it’s 17 pages long.

Read the rest of AMAZING POST HERE! And, while you’re there, just subscribe to Writer Unboxed. Y’all will thank me later.

Anyway…

This battle is vital for the reader to be able to understand the following events and thus would have been an excellent example of a good prologue. But, Rowling, despite the fact this chapter would have made prime prologue material, still chose to make it Chapter One so the reader would actually read this essential piece of story information.

Food for thought for sure.

Yes, I had Seven Sins and only Two Virtues. So sue me

. That should be a huge hint that there are a lot more reasons to NOT use a prologue than there are to employ one.

Prologues, when done properly, can be amazing literary devices. Yet, with a clear reader propensity to skip them, then that might at least make us pause before we decide our novel must have one.

We need to make sure we ask ourselves honest questions about the purpose these pages are really serving. Are they an essential component of a larger whole? Or are we using literary Bond-O to patch together a weak plot or undeveloped idea?

A Final Note of Caution

Make sure your prologue is, in fact, a prologue. The prefix pro means earlier than, prior to, or before. Whatever event transpires in our prologue is BEFORE the main story begins. If it isn’t, then that isn’t a prologue and we’re getting into what I call non-linear structure.

Time can be a FANTASTIC literary device when done the right way. It’s fabulous for withholding information, keeping the mystery going and the reader guessing and it is a staple device for creating unforgettable unreliable narrators (Gone Girl, Luckiest Girl Alive, The Green Mile, Fight Club, The Notebook).

***Yes, my reading tastes run the gamut.

Suffice to say, if whatever we’re labeling prologue isn’t BEFORE the core story problem, then we likely have a structure issue.

But, don’t take my word for it. I actually scoured the Internet for some great blogs regarding prologues to help you guys become stronger in your craft.

ADDITIONAL RESOURCES!

I get these are oldies but goodies, but these are still some of the best articles on the topic.

Once Before a Time: Prologues Part 1 by Therese Walsh

Once Before a Time Part 2 by Therese Walsh (mentioning again)

Agent Nathan Bransford offers his opinion as does literary agent Kristin Nelson

Carol Benedict’s blog Story Elements: Using a Prologue

To Prologue or Not To Prologue by Holly Jennings

If after all of this information, you decide you must have a prologue because all the coolest kids have one, then at least do a bit of research.

So if you must write a prologue, then write one that will blow a reader away.

I LOVE hearing from you!

What are some of the questions, concerns, troubles you guys have had with prologues? Which ones worked? Which ones bombed? What are your solutions or suggestions?